标准库头文件 <complex>

 

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技术规范

 

标准库头文件

语言支持
<cstddef> <limits> <climits> <coroutine>	<cfloat> <cstdint> <new> <source_location>	<typeinfo> <exception> <initializer_list> <version>	<csignal> <csetjmp> <cstdarg>
概念
<concepts>
诊断
<stdexcept>	<cassert>	<cerrno>	<system_error>
通用工具
<utility> <memory> <memory_resource> <scoped_allocator>     <compare>	<bitset> <tuple> <optional> <any> <variant>	<type_traits> <ratio> <chrono> <typeindex> <functional>	<ctime> <cstdlib>
字符串
<string> <string_view> <cstring>	<charconv> <format>	<cctype> <cwctype>	<cwchar> <cuchar>
本地化
<locale>	<codecvt>	<clocale>
容器
<span> <array> <vector>	<deque> <forward_list> <list>	<map> <set> <queue>	<unordered_map> <unordered_set> <stack>
迭代器
<iterator>
范围
<ranges>
算法
<algorithm>	<execution>
数值
<complex> <random>	<valarray> <numeric>	<bit> <numbers>	<cfenv> <cmath>
输入/输出
<iosfwd> <ios> <iomanip> <streambuf>	<istream> <ostream> <iostream>	<sstream> <fstream> <syncstream>	<cstdio> <cinttypes> <strstream>
正则表达式
<regex>
文件系统
<filesystem>
线程支持
<thread> <atomic> <mutex>	<shared_mutex> <condition_variable> <future>	<stop_token> <semaphore>	<latch> <barrier>
C 兼容
<ciso646> <cstdalign>	<cstdbool> <ccomplex>	<ctgmath>

 

此头文件是数值库的一部分。

类

complex	复数类型 (类模板)
complex<float>complex<double>complex<long double>	复数类型 (类模板特化)

函数

运算
operator+operator-	对复数运用一元运算符 (函数模板)
operator+operator-operator*operator/	在两个复数，或一个复数与一个标量上进行复数算术运算 (函数模板)
operator==operator!=	比较两个复数，或一个复数与一个标量 (函数模板)
operator<<operator>>	复数的序列化和反序列化 (函数模板)
real	返回实部 (函数模板)
imag	返回虚部 (函数模板)
abs(std::complex)	返回复数的模 (函数模板)
arg	返回辐角 (函数模板)
norm	返回模(范数)的平方 (函数模板)
conj	返回复共轭 (函数模板)
proj (C++11)	返回到黎曼球上的投影 (函数模板)
polar	从模和辐角构造复数 (函数模板)
指数函数
exp(std::complex)	以 e 为底复数的指数 (函数模板)
log(std::complex)	沿负实轴切割的复自然对数 (函数模板)
log10(std::complex)	沿负实轴分割的复常用对数 (函数模板)
幂函数
pow(std::complex)	复数幂，一或两个参数可为复数 (函数模板)
sqrt(std::complex)	右半平面范围中的复平方根 (函数模板)
三角函数
sin(std::complex)	计算复数的正弦（sin(z)） (函数模板)
cos(std::complex)	计算复数的余弦（cos(z)） (函数模板)
tan(std::complex)	计算复数的正切（tan(z)） (函数模板)
asin(std::complex) (C++11)	计算复数的反正弦（arcsin(z)） (函数模板)
acos(std::complex) (C++11)	计算复数的反余弦（arccos(z)） (函数模板)
atan(std::complex) (C++11)	计算复数的反正切（arctan(z)） (函数模板)
双曲函数
sinh(std::complex)	计算复数的双曲正弦（sh(z)） (函数模板)
cosh(std::complex)	计算复数的双曲余弦（ch(z)） (函数模板)
tanh(std::complex)	计算复数的双曲正切 (函数模板)
asinh(std::complex) (C++11)	计算复数的反双曲正弦 (函数模板)
acosh(std::complex) (C++11)	计算复数的反双曲余弦 (函数模板)
atanh(std::complex) (C++11)	计算复数的反双曲正切 (函数模板)
字面量
operator""ifoperator""ioperator""il (C++14)	表示纯虚数的 std::complex 字面量 (函数)

概要

namespace std {
 
    template<class T> class complex;
 
    template<> class complex<float>;
    template<> class complex<double>;
    template<> class complex<long double>;
 
    // 运算符：
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator+(
        const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator+(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator+(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator-(
        const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator-(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator-(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator*(
        const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator*(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator*(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator/(
        const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator/(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator/(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator+(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> operator-(const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr bool operator==(
        const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr bool operator==(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T, class charT, class traits>
    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>&, complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T, class charT, class traits>
    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>&, const complex<T>&);
 
    // 值：
    template<class T> constexpr T real(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr T imag(const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> T abs(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> T arg(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> constexpr T norm(const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> constexpr complex<T> conj(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> proj(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> polar(const T&, const T& = 0);
 
    // 超越函数：
    template<class T> complex<T> acos(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> asin(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> atan(const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> complex<T> acosh(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> asinh(const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> atanh(const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> complex<T> cos  (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> cosh (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> exp  (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> log  (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> log10(const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> complex<T> pow(const complex<T>&, const T&);
    template<class T> complex<T> pow(const complex<T>&, const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> pow(const T&, const complex<T>&);
 
    template<class T> complex<T> sin    (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> sinh   (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> sqrt   (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> tan    (const complex<T>&);
    template<class T> complex<T> tanh   (const complex<T>&);
 
    // 复数字面量：
    inline namespace literals {
    inline namespace complex_literals {
        constexpr complex<long double> operator""il(long double);
        constexpr complex<long double> operator""il(unsigned long long);
        constexpr complex<double> operator""i(long double);
        constexpr complex<double> operator""i(unsigned long long);
        constexpr complex<float> operator""if(long double);
        constexpr complex<float> operator""if(unsigned long long);
    }
    }
}

类 std::complex

template<class T>
class complex {
public:
    typedef T value_type;
    constexpr complex(const T& re = T(), const T& im = T());
    constexpr complex(const complex&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex(const complex<X>&);
 
    constexpr T real() const;
    constexpr void real(T);
    constexpr T imag() const;
    constexpr void imag(T);
 
    constexpr complex<T>& operator= (const T&);
    constexpr complex<T>& operator+=(const T&);
    constexpr complex<T>& operator-=(const T&);
    constexpr complex<T>& operator*=(const T&);
    constexpr complex<T>& operator/=(const T&);
 
    constexpr complex& operator=(const complex&);     
    template<class X> constexpr complex<T>& operator= (const complex<X>&);   
    template<class X> constexpr complex<T>& operator+=(const complex<X>&);   
    template<class X> constexpr complex<T>& operator-=(const complex<X>&);   
    template<class X> constexpr complex<T>& operator*=(const complex<X>&);   
    template<class X> constexpr complex<T>& operator/=(const complex<X>&);   
 
};

std::complex 特化

template<> class complex<float> {
public:
    typedef float value_type;
 
    constexpr complex(float re = 0.0f, float im = 0.0f);
    explicit constexpr complex(const complex<double>&);
    explicit constexpr complex(const complex<long double>&);
 
    constexpr float real() const;
    constexpr void real(float);
    constexpr float imag() const;
    constexpr void imag(float);
 
    constexpr complex<float>& operator= (float);
    constexpr complex<float>& operator+=(float);
    constexpr complex<float>& operator-=(float);
    constexpr complex<float>& operator*=(float);
    constexpr complex<float>& operator/=(float);
 
    constexpr complex<float>& operator=(const complex<float>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<float>& operator= (const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<float>& operator+=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<float>& operator-=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<float>& operator*=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<float>& operator/=(const complex<X>&);
};
 
template<> class complex<double> {
public:
    typedef double value_type;
 
    constexpr complex(double re = 0.0, double im = 0.0);
    constexpr complex(const complex<float>&);
    explicit constexpr complex(const complex<long double>&);
 
    constexpr double real() const;
    constexpr void real(double);
    constexpr double imag() const;
    constexpr void imag(double);
 
    constexpr complex<double>& operator= (double);
    constexpr complex<double>& operator+=(double);
    constexpr complex<double>& operator-=(double);
    constexpr complex<double>& operator*=(double);
    constexpr complex<double>& operator/=(double);
 
    constexpr complex<double>& operator=(const complex<double>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<double>& operator= (const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<double>& operator+=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<double>& operator-=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<double>& operator*=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<double>& operator/=(const complex<X>&);
};
 
template<> class complex<long double> {
public:
    typedef long double value_type;
 
    constexpr complex(long double re = 0.0L, long double im = 0.0L);
    constexpr complex(const complex<float>&);
    constexpr complex(const complex<double>&);
 
    constexpr long double real() const;
    constexpr void real(long double);
    constexpr long double imag() const;
    constexpr void imag(long double);
 
    constexpr complex<long double>& operator=(const complex<long double>&);
    constexpr complex<long double>& operator= (long double);
    constexpr complex<long double>& operator+=(long double);
    constexpr complex<long double>& operator-=(long double);
    constexpr complex<long double>& operator*=(long double);
    constexpr complex<long double>& operator/=(long double);
 
    template<class X> constexpr complex<long double>& operator= (const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<long double>& operator+=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<long double>& operator-=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<long double>& operator*=(const complex<X>&);
    template<class X> constexpr complex<long double>& operator/=(const complex<X>&);
 
};